The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the INTERNET.  Today we tend to take the INTERNET for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the INTERNET.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the INTERNET, since Popper died before the INTERNET came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of WORLD 3 does apply very well to the INTERNET.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the INTERNET.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the INTERNET age. Teaching in the INTERNET age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

Background and Aim: In last 2 decades, a lot of research has focused on composition, surface roughness and their effects on success of implants. In general, surface treatments of dental implants include; surface roughness, Osseo inductive and therapeutic biologic coatings. The aim of this literature was a comprehensive review to present the studies related to surface treatments of dental implants and its effects on success of dental implants.Materials and Methods: Relevant published papers in English up to end of Feb 2009 were reviewed. The articles were located through Medline and COHG (Cochrane Oral Health Group database). Publications reviewed included experimental animal studies, prospective and retrospective human clinical studies, a few case reports and relevant review papers Agreement between the reviewers was determined performing k²-statistic. Disagreements were resolved by evaluation of the full texts and discussion. Due to heterogeneity of the factors in different studies, no meta-analysis performed. The results of different studies presented in a systematic manner.Results: In general, surface treatment is mostly focused on increasing surface roughness. Two ways for increasing surface roughness are additive and subtractive methods. According to particle size, surface roughness may be classified as minimally rough (Sa - 0.5mm), moderately rough Sa > 2.0 mm) or rough (Sa > 2.0 mm). Plasma spray, acid-etching, sand blasting and anodic oxidation are important methods for creating surface roughness. Increasing surface roughness enhances Osseo integration especially in early stages of healing. Surface roughness also improves bone to implant contact. This will reduce the healing time and enables the implants to be early or immediately loaded. In addition surface roughness increases the success of implants in poor bone quality. On the other hand high surface roughness could increase the possibility of peri-implantitis. Therefore, most brands of newly marketed implants are moderately roughed. This is a comprehensive review of about 120 papers which explain different methods of implant surface treatment and its ultimate effects on treatment of dental implants.

About half a century has passed from the time that fluoridated milk, was first used in Europe to reduce dental caries flouridated milk, containing 1000 ppm F, has been considered as an alternative method for water fluoridation. Its use was also justified physiologically and toxicologically.Based on many animal & human studies, there is no or minimal disturbances in bioavailability of fluoride due to the milk constituents.The required concentration of fluoride in milk, recently by WHO, varies during the day, depending mainly on the age of children and also fluoride content of drinking water.

By universalities of WORLD WIDE Web the companies are rushing to have a presence on the web.However, many companies do not know how the web would be effective for them or how to increase the effectiveness of the web. Few empirical studies have also been done by marketing companies to find out the ways for increasing the effectiveness of their webs.By studying of the practices made by 136 managers of marketing companies in Tehran province and by using the models giving by Mr. Lynn and his collogues we found that the effectiveness of the companies can be improved if the following situations could be provided:A) Studying and familiarity of the company employees with the WORLD utilizations of the web for reaching profitable targets and marketing strategies.B) Improving the co-operations between marketing units and IS/MIS.The other finding of the study is the priorities of variables proposed by Mr. Lynn and collogues for the effectiveness of the web in community.